Dust flux, Vostok ice core

Dust flux, Vostok ice core
Two dimensional phase space reconstruction of dust flux from the Vostok core over the period 186-4 ka using the time derivative method. Dust flux on the x-axis, rate of change is on the y-axis. From Gipp (2001).

Sunday, May 17, 2015

Zhuyu Peak

Apart from its natural beauty, Yuntaishan is also famous as one of the key places in the development of Taoisim. The highest point in Yuntaishan, and the site of an ancient temple, is Zhuyu Peak. A rapid bus ride up a winding road and through numerous tunnels brings you to a major platform about 200 m below the peak--you get to climb the rest of the way.



Part way up is the Cave of Medicine. Unfortunately, there is not much English documentation on the significance of the cave, but there is one document suggesting that Sun Simiao, the king of medicine during the Sui and Tang dynasties, made medicine here.



The cave has become a shrine, where people not only pray, but leave offerings (typically money) wedged into crevices in the cave walls.



Apart from the famous views, there is a temple complex. But it really isn't any different from any other temple complex in China.



The red tags represent prayers. Apart from the pagodas at the entrance, they are also left hanging from the railings all over the grounds.

Climbing back down from the peak, there is a trail that heads off about 2 km to the east, towards Phoenix Ridge. At the end of the path is a nice pavilion (seen below), as well as (you guessed it) another temple.




There was a lot of haze. At times, there was even fog. Later it began to rain, which complicated my descent somewhat.


The pavilion has a number of examples of paintings and calligraphy, but the lighting and reflections make most of them impossible to photograph.




Some views from the top of the pavilion.

From the pavilion, there is a 3 km walk down the side of the escarpment to Wanshan temple, which is about 800 m below the peak of the escarpment. Most of this drop occurs in the first km of the walk, which is almost entirely composed of stone stairs, occasionally without handrails.





It was raining, and I was concentrating very hard on not falling as the stairs were very narrow. I never saw anyone else the whole way down (it would be difficult to imagine anyone making this climb, except possibly as proof of devotion). It occurred to me if I took a tumble I might be in some difficulty as there was no cellphone reception at most points along the trail.

But there were advantages to the solitude. At times I would hear a sudden rustling of something big moving through the under brush. The first time it was on the ledge above me, and I jumped against the cliff and waited for the crash. Nothing. A little while later, I heard a sudden explosion of movement about 15 m to my right and a little below me, and just caught a glimpse of a wild macaque fleeing into the bush. It was the hands and feet that mostly stick in my memory. Probably it first froze as I was approaching until I got too close.


Thursday, May 14, 2015

Gold demand down (or is it?)

The World Gold Council has published its report on the global demand for gold. Get yours here.

The headline number: gold demand fell by 1% in Q1 '15 to 1079.3 tonnes (y.o.y).

In the section on gold demand statistics, we see that the dollar value of gold purchased in the Q1 '15 was about 7% lower than the value of gold purchased in Q1 2014 (p. 18, tables 2 and 3).

But remember--the US dollar is a whole lot higher over that time period. How much higher? Well averaging the weekly closing price of the US dollar index for every week in the Q1 2015 gives us an average value of 95.104--the same calculation for Q1 2014 gives us 80.359. That is an 18.3% gain.

The gold price itself fell about 7% over that time (in US dollars). But non-Americans purchasing gold in Q1 of 2015 are paying over 10% more that in Q1 2014. In this context, the 1% drop in physical takes on a different meaning. No wonder foreigners aren't buying so much!

Chinese jewellery demand is down fairly significantly. The report suggests that demand for securities trading may have eaten into gold demand. I can only report that the Chinese I speak to are convinced that since gold is going down it is a bad investment.



Thursday, May 7, 2015

The big, dry waterfall

Continuing through the park at Yuntaishan, you reach the Quanpu and Tanpu valleys (Quanpuxia and Tanpuxia in the local tongue).



It is a narrow valley cut down through predominantly limestone (with some intervals of sandstone), which is part of a platform that has been raised significantly by neotectonic activity over the past 25 million years.


The fractured zones of the rock are vulnerable to rapid erosion, hence the near vertical down-cutting by the rivers in this area.


After a long hike through the gorge, which is decorated by numerous small waterfalls and springs, you reach the highest waterfall in China--a 314 m drop.


Unfortunately it was dry. Now I want a refund.

The Tanpu valley is similar, but with working waterfalls (albeit smaller).




Unlike many rivers in China, this one at least had living things in it.


The last time I got to play with tadpoles was probably about 40 years ago.

Sunday, May 3, 2015

That moment

. . . when you reach the edge of the forest and you see . . .



Sure, I knew it was going to be there. But still, it's like suddenly being in an Indiana Jones film.

Heilongwang temple, near the edge of its namesake fault.

The area is in Yuntaishan, a world-class geological park in Henan province. The general area has been uplifted several hundred metres in the last 25 million years, mostly in response to the collision between India and China (tectonic, not political). The gorges result from downcutting by the various streams that cross the recently uplifted sedimentary block.

The rocks in the Hongshi Valley are all reddish sandstones, and flash flooding has cut narrow canyons into them.


The risk of getting killed in a flash flood while hiking this narrow valley has been reduced by the construction of a dam at the end of the valley.




This guy's job is to paddle around the pond, scooping up all the garbage that tourists throw into it.



Exiting the valley is by stair.


I was in this part of the park Thursday. I went to three other sites as well, all with substantial climbs. This one was only about 65 m.

One other site I visited was the so called 'Macaque' Valley. The park has the northernmost population of wild macaques in China. Good luck seeing one--there are simply way too many people wandering around. There are quite a few 'rescued' macaques living lives of despair, constantly fed popcorn, potato chips, and coca-cola by tourists. Most of them (the macaques, I mean) have lost large parts of their fur and are covered in sores. Some of the fitter ones are dragged in chains to perform tricks before an adoring crowd--they are controlled by a trainer who alternates between blowing a whistle and threatening them with a stick.


So that part was a little depressing. But there are better things ahead . . . Quanpuxia and Tanpuxia.

Friday, May 1, 2015

Watch out!


I need more signs like this in my life.

For instance, at the Investor's Exchange . . .


On some gold sites*.


I'd make one for the various security commissions out there, but I don't have a photo to work from. (I'm still burned over the time I wrote a technical report for a company which had spent about $120,000 on its project, but several expenses were disallowed so that the total was only about $99,000; then the report was rejected on the basis that the company had failed to spend $100,000 on it.)


*That one's for you, Otto.